Strategic Importance of the Gate of Eugenius
The gate that would naturally serve as the central point, or pivot, of naval and defensive operations was the Gate of Eugenius. At this...
Problem of Identifying the Horaia Gate
The identification of the Gate of the Neorion with the Horaia Pyle creates an important historical problem. This problem appears because it causes a...
Structure of the Palace Complex
A transverse wall (a wall crossing from side to side) was built a short distance to the north of the palace. This wall created...
A Royal Residence During Political Conflict
In the year 1347, the Palace of the Porphyrogenitus became the residence of John VI Cantacuzene, who had just entered Constantinople. At that time,...
The Palace of the Porphyrogenitus
An Imperial Residence
The ruins of a Byzantine palace, today commonly called Tekfur Sarayı, are located next to the Porta Xylokerkou (now near Edirnekapı) in...
Discovering Turkey’s Unique Gemstones
Turkey is home to a variety of rare and beautiful gemstones, many of which are found nowhere else in the world. These stones are...
Exploring Turkey’s Unique Gemstone Deposits
Turkey's diverse geology, shaped by the collision of tectonic plates, has led to the formation of various gemstone deposits. The Anatolian Plate, situated between...
Oltu Stone The Black Gemstone of Turkey
Introduction to Oltu Stone
Oltu stone is a type of gemstone that comes from the town of Oltu in Erzurum Province, Turkey. It is a...
The Transformation of the BWU’s Goals (1921)
In 1921, the Bulgarian Women's Union (BWU) changed its goals to focus on achieving full civil and political rights for women, including the right...
Demand for Equal Education for Girls and Boys
In the 1890s, women's societies in Bulgaria began to push for equal education for girls and boys in high school. They wanted the same...
